Identifiability, exchangeability and confounding revisited
نویسندگان
چکیده
In 1986 the International Journal of Epidemiology published "Identifiability, Exchangeability and Epidemiological Confounding". We review the article from the perspective of a quarter century after it was first drafted and relate it to subsequent developments on confounding, ignorability, and collapsibility.
منابع مشابه
Identifiability, exchangeability, and epidemiological confounding.
Non-identifiability of parameters is a well-recognized problem in classical statistics, and Bayesian statisticians have long recognized the importance of exchangeability assumptions in making statistical inferences. A seemingly unrelated problem in epidemiology is that of confounding: bias in estimation of the effects of an exposure on disease risk, due to inherent differences in risk between e...
متن کاملUpdate: Greenland and Robins (1986). Identifiability, exchangeability and epidemiological confounding
We are pleased to publish an update to "Identifiabiliity, exchangeability and epidemiological confounding" (IEEC) by Sander Greenland and James Robins, originally published in 1986 in the International Journal of Epidemiology. This is the first in a series of updates to classic epidemiologic-methods papers that EP&I has commissioned.
متن کاملRe: "The failure of academic epidemiology: witness for the prosecution".
1. Kulkarni PM, Wang S. Re: "Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies." (Letter). Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:786-7. 2. Flanders WD, Lin L, Pirkle JL, et al. Assessing the direction of causality in cross-sectional studies. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:926-35. 3. Greenland S, Robins JM. Identifiability, exchangeability, and epidemiological confounding. Int J Epidemiol 1986;15: 413...
متن کاملExchangeability in the case-crossover design.
In cohort and case-control studies, confounding that arises as a result of differences in the distribution of determinants of the outcome between exposure groups leading to non-exchangeability are addressed by restriction, matching or with statistical models. In case-only studies, this issue is addressed by comparing each individual with his/herself. Although case-only designs use self-matching...
متن کاملConfounding in health research.
Consideration of confounding is fundamental to the design, analysis, and interpretation of studies intended to estimate causal effects. Unfortunately, the word confounding has been used synonymously with several other terms, and it has been used to refer to at least four distinct concepts. This paper provides an overview of confounding and related concepts based on a counterfactual model of cau...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations : EP+I
دوره 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2009